Module 5 - Scale up your app

Difficulty: Beginner Estimated Time: 10 minutes

The goal of this scenario is to scale a deployment with kubectl scale and to see the load balancing in action

Step 1 - Scaling a deployment

First, let’s recreate the Deployment we deleted in the previous module:

kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="NodePort" --port 8080

To list your deployments use the get deployment command:

kubectl get deployments

The output should be similar to:

NAME                  READY   UP-TO_DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
kubernetes-bootcamp   1/1     1            1           11m

We should have 1 Pod. If not, run the command again. This shows:

• NAME lists the names of the Deployments in the cluster.
• READY shows the ratio of CURRENT/DESIRED replicas
• UP-TO-DATE displays the number of replicas that have been updated to achieve the desired state.
• AVAILABLE displays how many replicas of the application are available to your users.
• AGE displays the amount of time that the application has been running.

To see the ReplicaSet created by the Deployment, run:

kubectl get rs

Notice that the name of the ReplicaSet is always formatted as [DEPLOYMENT-NAME]-[RANDOM-STRING]. The random string is randomly generated and uses the pod-template-hash as a seed.

Two important columns of this command are:

• DESIRED displays the desired number of replicas of the application, which you define when you create the Deployment. This is the desired state.
• CURRENT displays how many replicas are currently running.

Next, let’s scale the Deployment to 4 replicas. We’ll use the kubectl scale command, following by the deployment type, name and desired number of instances:

kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=4

To list your Deployments once again, use get deployments:

kubectl get deployments

The change was applied, and we have 4 instances of the application available. Next, let’s check if the number of Pods changed:

kubectl get pods -o wide

There are 4 Pods now, with different IP addresses. The change was registered in the Deployment events log. The check that, use the describe command:

kubectl describe deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp

You can also view in the output of this command that there are 4 replicas now.

Step 2 - Load Balancing

Let’s check that the Service is load-balancing the traffic. To find out the exposed IP and Port we can use the describe service as we learned in the previous Module:

kubectl describe services/kubernetes-bootcamp

Note for Docker Desktop users: Due to Docker Desktop networking limitations, by default you’re unable to access pods directly from the host. Run minikube service kubernetes-bootcamp, this will create a SSH tunnel from the pod to your host and open a window in your default browser that’s connected to the service. Refresh the browser page to see the load-balancing working. The tunnel can be terminated by pressing control-C, then continue on to Step 3.

Create an environment variable called NODE_PORT that has a value as the Node port:

export NODE_PORT=$(kubectl get services/kubernetes-bootcamp -o go-template='{{(index .spec.ports 0).nodePort}}')
echo NODE_PORT=$NODE_PORT

Next, we’ll do a curl to the exposed IP and port. Execute the command mulitple times:

curl $(minikube ip):$NODE_PORT

We hit a different Pod with every request. This demonstrates that the load-balancing is working.

Step 3 - Scale Down

To scale down the Service to 2 replicas, run again the scale command:

kubectl scale deployments/kubernetes-bootcamp --replicas=2

List the Deployments to check if the change was applied with the get deployments command:

kubectl get deployments

The number of replicas decreased to 2. List the number of Pods, with get pods:

kubectl get pods -o wide

This confirms that 2 Pods were terminated.

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